Adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedure

         Cardiac arrest refers to the sudden loss of the effective pumping function of the patient's heart, resulting in the cessation of blood circulation and complete interruption of blood supply to all organs of the body; if the heartbeat is not restored in time, the patient may suffer clinical death. In the state of complete hypoxia, patients begin to experience brain damage in 4-6 minutes, and the brain damage will become irreversible after 8-10 minutes. When a patient experiences cardiac arrest, it is critical that he or she be able to receive timely assistance from those around him or her. Early and correct administration of help can maximize the patient's chances of survival.
        If you find someone suddenly collapsed ......
1. Confirm the safety of the environment and do a good job of self-protection
The rescuer should quickly observe the surrounding environment, determine whether there is a potential danger, and take appropriate measures to protect themselves and the patient's safety and protection.
2. Judge the consciousness and reaction
The rescuer pats the patient's shoulders with both hands, bends down and calls loudly in his/her ears: “Mr. (Ms.), what's wrong with you, wake up!” If the patient does not respond, it can be judged as unconscious.
3. Checking breathing
When checking respiration, if the patient is in prone position, he/she should be turned to supine position first. Check the patient's respiration by the method of “hearing, seeing and feeling”, and the judgment time is about 10 seconds. If the patient is not breathing or is breathing with a sigh, cardiac arrest has occurred.
4. Call for help and obtain an AED
If the patient is unconscious and not breathing (or sigh-like breathing), immediately ask for help from people around you, call the emergency number, and get an AED nearby.
5. Chest compressions
Start CPR as soon as possible while calling for help. The rescuer first exposes the patient's chest, puts the root of the palm of one hand against the center of the patient's chest, the midpoint of the line between the two nipples (the lower part of the sternum), clasps the fingers of both hands, overlaps the root of the palm, palms cocked, straightens the upper limbs, leans the upper half of the body forward, taking the hip as the axis, and presses vertically downward with the strength of the upper half of the body to ensure the depth of compression is 5-6 cm, the frequency of compression is 100-120 times/min, and ensure that the chest is completely returned to its original state after each compression. Ensure that the thorax is completely restored to its original state after each compression.
6. Open the airway
Check the mouth for foreign bodies and remove them if present. Open the airway by tilting the head and lifting the chin, usually making the line between the angle of the patient's lower jaw and the earlobe perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
7. Artificial respiration
The rescuer covers the patient's mouth with his mouth, pinches the patient's nose with his fingers, and blows twice for about 1 second each time, and the chest should be raised when blowing.
8. Cycle chest compressions and artificial respiration.
Perform a cycle of 30 chest compressions and 2 artificial respirations (30:2), assessing the patient's respiration and pulse every 5 sets.
9. Defibrillation as soon as possible
a. Turn on the AED power and follow the voice prompts
b. Apply the electrode pads: Follow the diagram on the electrode pads and apply the electrode pads tightly to the patient's bare chest. One electrode sheet is attached to the upper right side of the patient's chest (right edge of the sternum, below the clavicle), and the other electrode sheet is attached to the outside of the patient's left nipple (the fifth intercostal space after the left axillary line).
c. AED analysis of the heart rhythm: the rescuer verbally signals the surrounding people not to touch the patient, and waits for the AED to analyze the heart rhythm to determine whether shock defibrillation is needed.
d. If the AED indicates that a shock is required, prepare to defibrillate: After the rescuer has been instructed to defibrillate, wait for the AED to recharge, ensure that no one is in contact with the patient, and press the “shock” button to defibrillate.
e. Immediately after defibrillation, perform chest compressions and artificial respiration: Immediately perform chest compressions and artificial respiration in the ratio of 30:2. After 5 sets (about 2 minutes), the AED automatically analyzes the cardiac rhythm again, and follows the voice prompts of the AED until the patient recovers a heartbeat and spontaneous respiration or until the professional first-aider arrives at the scene. f. If the AED prompts for defibrillation, wait for the AED to charge and make sure that no one touches the patient.
f. If the AED indicates that defibrillation is not required, continue CPR.

10. Recovery Position: If the patient's heartbeat and spontaneous breathing have resumed, place the patient in the recovery position (stable side-lying position), observe the patient's vital signs at all times, comfort and care for the patient, and wait for the arrival of professional emergency personnel.